The ‘World’ of
Conjunctions
By
: Dessy Megasari (163221182)
Danang Nugroho (163221186)
Mustika Ayu N (163221193)
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Correlative
Conjunction
|
ContohKalimat
Correlative Conjunction |
|
as … as
(se-) |
Diana is as beautiful as
her sister.
(Diana secantiksaudaraperempuannya.) |
|
between … and …
(diantara … dan …) |
There are no difference beetwen
you and him.
(Tidakadaperbedaanantaradirimudandirinya.) |
|
both … and …
(baik … maupun) |
She loves both swimming and
running.
(Diasukabaikrenangmaupunlari.) |
|
The man is neither handsome
nor faithful.
(Priaitutidaktampanataupunsetia.) |
|
EitherNisaor her mother is a scientist.
(EntahNisaatauibunyaadalahilmuwan.) |
|
|
from … to …
|
I travelled from England to
Rome in three days.
(SayabepergiandariInggriske Roma dalamtigahari.) |
|
hardly … when / no sooner … than / scarcely
… when
|
Hardly had you left the restaurant when the party was
started.
(Kamuhampirtelahmeninggalkanrestoranketikapestadimulai.) |
|
No sooner did I send the email than
the reply came.
(Tidak lama darisayamengirimkan e-mail balasannyadatang.) |
|
|
Scarcely had I finished my work when I went
to bed.
(Tak lama setelahsayamenyelesaikanpekerjaan, sayatidur.) |
|
|
if … then
|
If you help him now, then he’ll repay oneday.
(Jikakamumenolongnyasekarang, kemudiandiaakanmembalasnyasuatuharinanti.) |
|
not … but
(tidak … tapi)
not only … but also …
(takhanya … tapijuga) |
Yuni is not his girl friendbut
his cousin.
(Yunibukanpacarnyamelainkansepupunya.) |
|
He can drive not only a
car but also a helicopter.
(Diatidakhanyabisamengemudimobiltapijugahelikopter.) |
|
|
rather … than
|
My parents would rather
have lunch in a traditional restaurant
than have lunch in a fast food restaurant.
(Orangtuasayalebihsukamakansiang di restorantradisionaldaripada di makansiang di restorancepatsaji.) |
|
the more … the less
(semakinbanyak …, semakinsedikit …)
the more … the more
(semakinbanyak …, semakinbanyak) |
The more we learn grammar, the less
we face the difficulty in writing.
(Semakinbanyakkitamempelajari grammar, semakinsedikitkitamenghadapikesulitandidalammenulis.) |
|
The more you give alms to others, the
more you get rewards from God.
(Semakinbanyakkamumemberisedekahkepada orang lain,semakinbanyakkamumendapatimbalandariTuhan.) |
|
|
whether … or …
|
It doesn’t matter whether you
win or (you) lose.
(Tidakmasalahkamumenangataukalah.) |
|
Coordinate
Conjunction
|
ContohKalimat
Coordinate Conjunction
|
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For (karena)
|
|
|
Fordiikutireason (alasan).
|
He didn’t come last night, for
he fell asleep.
(Diatidakdatangsemalam, karenadiatertidur.) |
|
And (dan)
|
|
|
Andmenyatakanhubunganpenambahan.
|
The trainees laughed and
cried simultaneously.
(Siswalatihantertawadanmenangissecarabersamaan.) |
|
Vina and Amel wake up at 5:00
am, and they go to school at 6:30 am.
(VinadanAmelbangun jam 5 pagidanmerekapergikesekolah jam setengahtujuhpagi.) |
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Nor (tidakjuga, dantidak)
|
|
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Nor seringdidahuluinegative element.
|
She didn’t answer my call, nor
did her friends when I called them last night.
(Diatidak menjawabteleponsaya, tidakjugateman-temannyaketikasayamenghubungisemalam.) |
|
But (tapi, namun)
|
|
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Butuntukmenyatakanpertentangan.
|
The man helped in sincerity, but
many people thought negatively about him.
(Priaitumembantudengantulus, namunbanyak orang berpikirnegatif.) |
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Or (atau)
|
|
|
Oruntukmenyatakanalternatif.
|
What do you prefer to stay at home
or go to the cinema on this weekend?
(Apa yang lebihkamusuka, diam di rumahataupergikebioskopakhirmingguini?) |
|
Yet (namun, meskipundemikian)
|
|
|
Yetuntukmenyatakanpertentangandansemakna “nevertheless” atau
“but”.
|
The book is thick, yet the
text is large.
(Bukuitutebal, tapitulisannyabesar.) |
|
So (jadi, olehkarenaitu)
|
|
|
Sosemakna “therefore” dandiikutiresult (hasil,
konsekuensi).
|
She has lived in London for more
than five years, so she can speak English well.
(Diatelahtinggal di London selamalebihdari lima tahun, olehkarenaitudiadapatberbicarabahasaInggrisdenganbaik.) |
Addition
- and =
dan
- besides
= selainitu
- both…and…
= baik… maupun… (untukkalimatpositif)
- nor…neither…
= baik… maupun… (untukkalimatnegatif)
- either…or…
= baik… maupun… (untukkalimatpositifdannegatif)
- further
= lebihjauh
- furthermore
= lebihjauhlagi
- moreover
= terlebih
- additionally
= sebagaitambahan
- as if
= seolah-olah
- while
= sementaraitu
- instead
of = daripada
- conversely
= sebaliknya
- by
contrast = kontrasnya
- in
fact = kenyataannya
- indeed
= memang
- at
least = paling tidak
- on
the other hand = sebaliknya
Time
- after
= setelah
- since
= sejak
- before
= sebelum
- once
= ketika
- as
soon as = sesegera
- previously
= sebelumnya
- firstly
= pertama-tama
- secondly
= kedua
- at
the same time = padawaktu yang sama
- lastly
= terakhir
Cause
- because
= karena
- therefore
= olehkarenaitu
- although
= meskipun
- even
though = meskipun
- but =
tetapi
- however
= bagaimanapun/ tetapi
Means
• thus =
jadi
Condition
- if =
jika
- provided
that = asalkan
- as
long as = selama
- even
if = sekalipun
- unless
= kecuali
Purpose
- so
that = sehingga
- in
order to = agar
- without
= tanpa
Consequence
- of
course = tentusaja
- still
= tetap
- admittedly
= terusterang, takdapatdisangkal
Catatan:
Kata-kata konjungsi di
atasadakalanyadiikutiolehklausa, namundapatjugadiikutiolehfrasa.
Contoh:
> Meskipun
- although
- though (diikutiklausa)
- even though
My brother keeps going to school although Itrainsheavily
S P K
- in spite of
- despite (diikutifrasa)
Despite the heavy rain, she goes to school on foot.
frasa
> Karena
- because
- as
- since (diikutiklausa)
- for
He did not attend the meeting because his mother is sick (klausa)
S P O
- because of
- due to (diikutifrasa)
- owing to
He did not attend the meeting because his sick mother
frasa
> Agar
- in other that → diikutiklausa
We must study hard in order that wepassthe exam
S P O
- in order to → diikutifrasa
We must study hard in order to be clever
frasa
Contoh:
> Meskipun
- although
- though (diikutiklausa)
- even though
My brother keeps going to school although Itrainsheavily
S P K
- in spite of
- despite (diikutifrasa)
Despite the heavy rain, she goes to school on foot.
frasa
> Karena
- because
- as
- since (diikutiklausa)
- for
He did not attend the meeting because his mother is sick (klausa)
S P O
- because of
- due to (diikutifrasa)
- owing to
He did not attend the meeting because his sick mother
frasa
> Agar
- in other that → diikutiklausa
We must study hard in order that wepassthe exam
S P O
- in order to → diikutifrasa
We must study hard in order to be clever
frasa
The End
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