adjective kelompok 1 1B/ PBI

KELOMPOK : 1 / PBI IB

Salma Damayanti 

Mella Rusdiyanti Elsa Putri 

Urfida Letjar .I

Dinny Antika .N

Inung Fidi Astuti

Adjective    

            Adjectives describe nouns and pronouns. They give you more information about people, place and things.

Kind Of Adjectives

v  Some adjective tell about the size of people or thing .

Example:

A big house

A long hair

A thin boy      

Words big, long, thin are called an attribute adjective.

v  Some adjective tell about the color of thing.

A red carpet

A yellow ribbon

 A grey suit

v  Some adjective tell what people or thing are like by describing their quality.

A beautiful woman

A young soldier

A rich people

v  Some adjectives tell what things are made of. They refer to substance.

A paper bag

A silk dress

A cotton shirt

v  Some adjectives are made from proper nouns of place. These adjectives are called adjective of origin.

A Mexican hat

A Japanese lady

An Indian temple

v  Adjective of number: -as, one, four; second, fifth, few, all, many, some, several, other.

The second day                       The fifth house             A few pens                 

All the bricks                           Some flower                Several hours.

Those which count: -as, one, two, three, are often called Cardinal. Those which number: -as, third, sixth, tenth, are often called Ordinal. Those which do not name the number are often called Indefinites: -as, other days, many men.

v  Adjective of distinction: -as, each, either, every, neither, any, this, these, those.

Eachboy                      Either book     Every man      

Neitherhat                   Any street

These are often called distributives.

Thisletter                     That word      

These chapters             Those volumes.

The order of adjectives

Sometimes several adjective are used to describe a single noun or pronoun. When you use two or more adjectives, the usual order is :size, quality, color, origin, substance.

Example :

 A        small                green               plastic              box

            Size                  color                substance

A         stylish              red                   Italian              car

            Quality                        color                origin

v  Adjectives of quality sometimes come before adjectives of size.

Example:

Beautiful long hair                                                elegant short hair

      But adjective of size always come before adjective of color.

Example:

Beautiful long black hair                           elegant short red hair

      If you use any adjective of substance, it comes after the color adjective.

Example:

A beautiful long black silk dress 

Adjective Endings

Adjective have many different endings.

v  Some adjective end in –ful. These adjectives describe noun or pronouns that are full of something or have a lot of something.

Example:

A powerful baby

A beautiful face

A skillful player

v  Some adjectives en in –ous

Example:

A famous writer

A dangerous area

A generous gift

v  Some adjectives end in –y

Example:

A sleepy dog

A muddy path

A noisy car

v  Some adjectives end in –less .these adjectives describe a person or thing that does not have something.

Example:

A useless tool

A careless driver

Homeless people

v  Some adjective end in –al

Example:

A national flag

A coastal town

Magical power

v  Here are some adjectives that en in –ic,-ish,-ible,-able,-ive, and –ly

Example:

A fantastic singer

A selfish cat

A terrible mess

A likeable child

A creative artist

A lovely dress

v  Many adjectives and in –ing

Example:

A smiling face

A gleaming car

Shocking news

Notes:

Word like smiling,caring, and flashing are present participles of verb. They are formed by adding ingto the verbs. Many present participles can also used as adjectives.  

v  Many of adjectives end in ed

Example:

a closed door

a boiled eggs

excited students

Describing What Something Is Made Of

Some nouns can be used like adjectives . For example, if you have a chair that is made of plastic you can use the noun plastic as adjective and say that chair is a plastic chair. If you have a watch this is made of gold, you can say it is a gold watch.

But the nouns wood and wool can’t be used like this. To make adjectives of these nouns you have to add en.

Noun                           adjective                     example

Wood                          wooden                                   a wooden door

Wool                           woolen                                    a woolen jumper

Describing What Something Is Like

There’s another way to make adjective from nouns. Suppose you want to say that something is like a certain material, although not made of it. To make these adjective, add –en to some nouns and –y to other nouns.

Noun               adjectives                                example

Gold                golden                                                 a golden sunrise (=bright yellow like gold)

Silk                  silky or silken                          silky skin (=as soft as silk)

Lead                leaden                                      a leaden sky (= dark grey like the color of lead)

The Comparative of Adjectives

v  The comparative form

To compare two people or thing, use the comparativefrom of an adjective. The comparative from is usually made by addinger to the adjective.

Adjective        comparative form

Dark                darker

Light               lighter

High                higher

Low                 lower

 

 Notes:

The word than often used to compare two things or people. For example ,you say: Mr. Lee is taller than Philip. A card is faster than a bike.

v  The superlative form

When you compare three ore more people or things, use the superlative form of an adjective. The superlative form is usually made by adding est to the adjective.

Adjectives                   superlative form

Dark                            darkest

Light                           lightest

Low                             lowest

Old                              oldest

 Notes:

The word the is often used before the superlative form. For example: a bee is a small insect. A lady bird is smaller, but an ant is the smallest.

If adjective ends in e, add r to from the comparative and st to form the superlative.

Adjective                                comparative                           superlative

Nice                                         nicer                                        nicest

Close                                       closer                                       closest

Large                                       larger                                       largest

Suppose the adjectives is a short word that ends in consonant and has a single vowel in the middle. Just double the consonant and add ender to make the comparative and est to make the superlative.

Adjective        comparative               superlative

Sad                  sadder                         saddest

Wet                 wetter                          wettest

Slim                 simmer                         slimmest

Thin                 thinner                         thinnest

Suppose the adjective has two syllables and ends in y. just change the y to I and add erto make the comparative and add est to make the superlative.

Adjective        comparative               superlative

Easy                easier                           easiest

Funny              funnier                         finest

Dirty                dirtier                          ditties

Use more and most to compare most other two-syllable adjectives. You will also use more and most with all adjectives that have more than two syllables.

Adjective        comparative               superlative

Famous                        more famous               most famous

Exciting           more exciting              most exciting

Difficult          more difficult              most difficult

v  Irregular comparative and superlative forms

A few adjectives don’t from their comparative and superlative forms is any of the usual ways. The comparative and superlative forms of these adjectives are different word, called irregular forms.

Adjective                    comparative               superlative

Good                           better                           best

Bad                             worse                           worst

Little                           less                              least

Example:

My painting is good, Melanie’s painting is better, but Andrew’s painting is the best.

Adjective phrase

Phrase can be used like single adjective to describe nouns and pronouns. Phrases that are used in this way are called adjective phrase.

Most adjective phrases comesafter the word they describe. Look at these example. The adjectives phrases are in bold and the nouns they describe are in color.

Who is the girl with long hair?.

My friend lives in the house across the street.

Some adjectives phrase come before the word they describe. The words I phrases are often joined with hyphens

A long-lagged bird

A well-dressed lady