AJDECTIVES
BASIC GRAMMAR
Lecturer :
Novianni Anggraini, M.Pd.
By (kelompok 4) :
- Filaili Nur Azizah (163221019) / 1 A
- Ismei Alfiah P (163221020) / 1 A
- Cahyaningtyas F P (163221021) / 1 A
- Novita Dima K (163221022) / 1 A
- Jalaludin (163221023) / 1 A
- Nurul Fatkhuril J (163221024) / 1 A
English Education Department
Islamic Education And Teacher Training Faculty
State Islamic Institude Of Surakarta
2016
Adjectives
Adjectives describe noun and pronouns. They give you
more information about people, place, and things.
Kind
of Adjectives :
1. Some
adjectives tell about the size of people
or things.
ü a
small body
ü a
high flagpole
ü a
little doll
2. Some
adjectives tell about the color of
things.
ü a
purple shoes
ü a
gray t-shirt
ü a
pink car
3. Some
adjectives tell what people or thing are like by describing their quality.
ü a
better teacher
ü a
cute cat
ü a
cool man
4. Some
adjectives tell what things are made of (they
refer tosubtances)
ü a
skin shoes
ü a
gold ring
ü a
wool jacket
5. Some
adjectives are made from proper nouns of
place. These adjectives are called adjectives
of origin.
ü a
China motorcycle
ü a
Japanese food
ü a
Indonesian song
The
Order Of adjectives
1. Something
several adjectives are used to describe a single noun or pronoun. When you use
two or more adjectives, the usual order is : size, quality, color, origin, substance. For example :
ü big
yellow cloth
size color subtance
ü pretty
blue country dream
quality color origin
2. Adjectives
of quality sometimes come before adjectives of size.
For example :
ü Handsome
body fit
ü Elegant
bag
But adjectives of size always come before adjective of color.
For example :
ü Handsome
body fit white
ü Elegant
bag gold
If you use any
adjective of substance, it comes after the color adjective
For example :
ü A
elegant gold skin bag
Adjective
Endings
Adjectives have many different endings
- Some adjectives end in –ful. These adjectives describe noun or pronuons that are full of something or have lot of something.
A delightful day
A hurtful army
A successful director
A harmful criminal
A peaceful country
- Some adjectives end in –ous.
A mysterious girl
A victorious team
A religious teacher
A Hideous school
- Some adjectives end in –y.
A funny boy
A jobless people
A worthless thing
A motiveless fair
Healthy life
- Some adjectives end in -less. These adjectives describe a person or thing that does not have something
A powerless man
A jobless people
A worthless thing
A motiveless party
Endless story
- Some adjectives end in –al.
A universal place
A periodical time
Procedural equipment
Emotional patient
Industrial town
- Here are some adjectives that end in –ic, -ish, -ible, -able, -ive and –ly.
Basic grammar
A workable task
A foolish idea
Incredible family
Romantic couple
- Many adjectives end in –ing
A charming boy
A terrifying disaster
Sparkling
jewels
A encouraging boy
- Many of adjective end in ed
Interested hobby
Amazed song
Annoyed student
Excited act
Describing
What Something Is Made Of
Some noun can
be used like adjectives. For example, if you have a chair that is made
of plastic, you can use the noun plastic as an adjective and say that the chair
is a plastic chair. If you have a watch that is made of gold, you can say it is
a gold watch.
But the nouns wood and wool can’t be used like this.
To make adjectives of these nouns you have to add en.
Noun
Adjective Example
Dark Darken A
darken chocolate
Gold Golden
A
golden cup
Describing What Something Is Like
There
another way to make adjectives from nouns. Suppose you want to say that
something is like a certain
material, although not made of it. To make these adjective, add –en to some nouns and –y to order nouns
Example : Nouna adjective
1.
My Family like healthy life Health Healthy
2.
You are my lovely Love Lovely
3.
I will have danced with him by the time
he comes Dance Danced
4.
They had learned for so long time Learn
Learned
5.
I finished this raport while you were
playing game Finish Finised
The
Comparison of Adjectives
·
The Comparative Form
To compare two people or things, use the
comparative foem of an adjective. The comparative form is usually made by
adding er to the adjective.
Adjective
Comparative Form
Big bigger
Fat fatter
Hot hotter
Smart smarter
Quick quicker
·
The Superlative Form
When you compare three or more people or
things, use the superlative form of an adjective. The superlative form is
usually made by adding est to the adjective.
Adjective
Superlative Form
Big biggest
Fat fattest
Hot hottest
Smart smartest
Quick quickest
·
If the adjective ends in e, add r to
form the comparative and st to form the superlative.
Adjective Comparative Form Superlative Form
Nice nicer nicest
Close closer closest
Large larger largest
Rude ruder rudest
Safe safer safest
Wide wider widest
·
Suppose the adjective is a short word
tht ends in a consonant and has a single vowel in the middle. Just double the
consonant and add er to make comparative and est to make superlative.
Adjective Comparative Form Superlative Form
Sad sadder saddest
Fat fatter fatters
Thin
thinner thinnes
Slim slimmer slimmest
Wet wetter wettest
·
Suppose the adjective has two syllables
and ends in y. Just change the y to i and add er to make the comparative and
add est to make the superlative.
Adjective Comparative Form Superlative Form
Noisy noisier noisiest
Heavy heavier heaviest
Lovely lovelier loveliest
·
Use more and most to comparr most other
two-syllable adjectives. You will also use more and most with all adjectives
that have more than two syllables.
Adjective Comparative Form Superlative Form
Simple more simple most simple
Quiet more quiet most quiet
Friendly more friendly most friendly
Carefull more carefull most carefull
Gifted more gifted most gifted
·
Irregular Comparative and Superlative
Forms
A
few adjectives don’t form their comparative and superlative forms in any of the
usual ways. The comparative and superlative forms these adjectives are
different words, called irregular forms.
Adjective Comparative Form Superlative Form
Good better best
Bad
worse worst
Little less least
Many more most
Far farther or further farthest or furthest
Adjective
Phrases
Phrases can be used like single adjecives to
describe nouns and pronouns. Phrases
that are used in this way are called adjective phrases.
·
Most adjective phrases come after the
word they describe. Look at these examples. The adjective phrases are bold and
the naouns they describe are
Where
is the man with red car?
my
dog goes to the brige inside my house.
Tony
is handsome and tall.
·
Some adjective phrases come before the
word they describe. The words is these phrases are often joined with hyphens.
A
big-whelled car
A
small-housed dog
An
one hundred- jeans t-shirt.
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