NOUNS
BASIC GRAMMAR
Lecturer :
Novianni Anggraini, M.Pd.
By (kelompok 6) :
- Filaili Nur Azizah (163221019) / 1 A
- Ismei Alfiah P (163221020) / 1 A
- Cahyaningtyas F P (163221021) / 1 A
- Novita Dima K (163221022) / 1 A
- Jalaludin (163221023) / 1 A
- Nurul Fatkhuril J (163221024) / 1 A
English Education Department
Islamic Education And Teacher Training Faculty
State Islamic Institude Of Surakarta
2016
NOUNS
1. COMMON
NOUNS
Words for people,places and things
are called common nouns
A. Things
Example
:
Shoes
Mirror
Bag
B. Animals
Example:
Snack
Giraffe
Ant
C. Place
Example:
Hospital
Bath
room
Church
D. People
Exsample:
Farmer
Teacher
Nurse
2. PROPER
NOUNS
The name of particular people,
places and things are proper nouns .
They alwas begin with a capital
letter
A. Peoples
names
Example:
Jalaludin
Novita
Nurul
B. Days
of the week,months
Example
:
Sunday
Monday
Wednesday
January
March
July
C. Special
Days
Example:
Islamic
New Year Day
Difabel
Day
Earth
Day
D. Famous
places
Exsample:
Monas
Borobudur
Tample
Parangtritis
Beach
E. People
who live in a particular country
Example:
Country
people
Indonesia
Indonesians
Malaysia
Malaysians
Japan
Japanese
3. SINGULAR
NOUNS
When you are taking
about just one thing or person, use a use a singular noun.
Example :
A box
An appartement
A phone
4. PLURAL
NOUNS
Use a plular noun when you are
talking about two or mere people, place or things.
·
Just add s to make most nouns
plular.
Singular
One
cat
One
cup
One
soe
Plural
Two
cats
Two
cups
Two
shoes
·
Nouns that en in s, ss, ch, sh or x are
made plural by adding es.
Singular
Wash
Splotch
Fox
Class
Plural
Washes
Splotches
Foxes
classes
·
Most nouns that end in y are made plural
by changing the y to i and adding es.
Singular
Puppy
Lady
Enemy
Daisy
Plural
Puppies
Laddies
Enemies
daisies
·
Nouns that have a vowel before te y are
made plural by simply adding s at the end.
Singular
Boy
Trolley
Volley
Plural
Boys
Trolleys
volleys
·
Many nouns that end in f are made plural
by changing the f to v and adding es.
Singular
Calf
Elf
Self
Thief
Plural
Calves
Elves
Selves
Thieves
·
But some nouns that end in f are made
plural simply by adding s.
Singular
Chef
Pilaf
Proof
Ref
Plural
Chefs
Pilafs
Proofs
Refs
·
Some nouns that end in f can be made
plural in two ways
Singular
Plural
Scarf Scarfs/scarves
Dwarf
Dwarfs/dwarves
Wharf
Wharfs/wharves
Handkerchief Handkerchiefs/handkerchives
·
Most nouns that end in fe are made
plural by changing the f to v and adding s
Singular Plural
Afterlife Afterlives
Midlife Midlives
Housewife Housewives
Penknife Penknives
·
Most nouns taht end in o are made plural
by adding s
Singular
Plural
Folio Folios
Cameo
Cameos
Studio
Studios
Portofolio Portofolios
·
But other nouns that end in o are made
plural by adding es
Singular
Plura;
Echo Echoes
Bango Bangoes
Tomato Tomatoes
·
Some nouns change spelling from the
singular form to the plural
Singular Plural
Ox Oxem
Tooth Teeth
·
The plural form of some nouns in the
same as the singular form
Singular
Plural
Chinese Chinese
Moose Moose
Grapefruit
Grapefruit
·
Some nouns are always plural, trousers
glasses shorts spectacles
Trousers Glasses
Shorts
Goggles
Pants Pliers
Jeans Binoculars
·
Some nouns are ussually plural
Shoes Chopsticks
Sandals Gloves
Slippers Clogs
Boots Socks
5. COLLECTIVE
NOUNS
Word for groups of people, animals
or things are called collective nouns.
·
Here are some collective noun for group
of people
Couple
Jury
Navy
Police
Senate
Society
Staff
·
Here are more collective nouns you can
use for gruops of people
A
army of soldier
A
choir of singer
A
crew of sailor
A
band of musician
A
group of dancer
A
a team of players
·
Many groups of animal have have their
own special collective nouns
A
army of ants
A
troop of baboons
A
sloth bears
A
bask crocodiles
A
flock of camel
A
safe of ducks
A
cast of falcon
·
Some groups of things also have their
own special collective nouns
A
bundle of cloths
A
cargo of foods
A
catch of fishehs
A
cod of laws
A
clutch of eggs
·
Some nouns name te amount or form of
something
A
bar of woods
A
glass of water
A
drop of sauce
A
spoon of sugar
A
jar of honey
·
The words a piece of mean a single
serving or part of someting
A
piece of pizza
A
piece of bread
A
piece of cheese
A
piece of information
6. Masculine
and Feminine Nouns
·
Masculine nouns are words for men, boys,
and male animals.
Feminime
nouns are words for women, girls, and female animals.
Masculine Feminime
Actor Actrees
Grandson Granddaugther
Steward Stewardess
Headmaster Headmisters
·
Many nouns are used for both males and
females they are called common gender nouns
Director
Neighbour
Worker
Painter
Musician
enemy
Student
Servant
·
With animals, there is one general word
for te animal and special wordsfor the male and the female. Something the word
for the male animal is the same as the general word. Sometimes the word for the
female animal is te same as te general word.
Animal Masculine Feminine
Dog Drake Bitch
Goat He-goat She-goat
Deer Stag Hin
Dinosaur Bull Cow
7. The
Possessive Form Of Nouns
Use the possessive firm
of a noun to show ownwrsip.
Ø To
make the possessive form, put an
apostrophe and an s after singular nouns
that don’t end in s.
·
The delivery boy’s truck was blocking
the driveway.
·
This is Ratri’s car.
·
The student’s attempts to solve the
problem were rewarded.
Ø To
make singular nouns that end in s, use aposttophe and an s ‘s or just apostrophe s’.
·
It is Charles’ birthday / It is
Charles’s birthday.
·
The Smiths’ house / The Smiths’ house.
·
I
have not seen Wales’ new stadium / I have not seen Wales’s new stadium.
Ø After
plural nouns that don’t end is s, use an apostrophe and an s s’ make the
possessive form.
·
Everyone was disappointed with the
American media’s converage of the Olympics in Antlanta.
·
Women’s clothes.
·
The geese’s food supply was endangered.
Ø After
plural nouns that end in s, just add an apostrophe s’.
·
The ladies’ toilets are out of bounds.
·
The horses’ hay is damp.
·
James’ father is visiting your dad this
week.
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