RESUME

The Articles

Lecturer :

Novianni Anggraini, M.Pd

Name of groups :

1B

1.     Farida Nur Fatinah                         NIM : 163221054

2.     Mas’ud Madhanisanjaya                NIM : 163221055

3.     Retma Ayu Ningtyas                       NIM : 163221056

4.     Nughrahini Nurul Chotimah                    NIM : 163221057

5.     Suci Karina Wardani                      NIM : 163221058

FAKULTAS ILMU TARBIYAH & KEGURUAN

IAIN SURAKARTA 2016

THE ARTICLES

v  The words a, an and the are called articles. The word a and are identifinite artcles.  A or an usually are use with singular nouns.

• Use a before nouns that begin with a consonant. Examples :

This is a book                   Do you want a cup of coffe??

           

           Consonant                          Consonant

• Use an before nouns that begin with a vowel. Examples :

I always take an aplle to school                     Do you have an umbrella that I can borrow?

                        Vowel                                                               Vowel

Ø  NOTES

Some vowel have a consonant sound as well as vowel sound.

• Use the articles a with nouns that begin with these vowel. Examples :

Every student in the school wear a uniform.

                                    When we read the word is yuniform

Is there a university in your town??

When we read the word is yuniversity

• Some words begin with a silent h. Use  an nouns that begin with silent h. Examples :

We have been waiting here for an hour.

                        When we read the word is ‘our. With silent h

• But, some word begin fiil h. Use a begin fill h. Examples :

This is a horse

when we read the word is horse. With the fill h

v  The word the is called the definite article. Use the before a noun when you are talking to someone who already knows which person or thing you mean.

Examples:

I’ll wait for you in the car                        

 

Talking to someone

• Use the for the spesific word. Examples :

John lives in an apartment with his mom, dan and his sister. The apartment have three bedrooms.

                                                                                                For the spesific word

The Articles

Articles is an adjective. It can modify nouns.  English has two articles (the, a/ an). We can also call “the” a definite article, it means that “the” is used to refer specific or particular nouns and “a, an” as indefinite article is used to modify non-specific or non – particular nouns.

For example:

·         “Let’s read the book”, I mean a specific book

·         “Let’s read a book”, I mean any book

"A/an" is used to refer to a non-specific or non-particular member of the group.

For example:

·         "I would like to go see a movie." Here, we're not talking about a specific movie. We're talking about any movie. There are many movies, and I want to see any movie. I don't have a specific one in mind.

—  "Somebody call a policeman!" This refers to any policeman. We don't need a specific policeman; we need any policeman who is available.

Remember, using a or an depends on the sound that begins the next word. So...

-          a + singular noun beginning with a consonant: a boy; a car; a bike; a zoo; a dog

-          an + singular noun beginning with a vowel: an elephant; an egg; an apple; an idiot; an orphan

-          a + singular noun beginning with a consonant sound: a user (sounds like 'yoo-zer,' i.e. begins with a consonant 'y' sound, so 'a' is used); a university; a unicycle

-          an + nouns starting with silent "h": an hour

-          a + nouns starting with a pronounced "h": a horse

-          In some cases where "h" is pronounced, such as "historical," you can use an. However, a is more commonly used and preferred.

-          A historical event is worth recording.

-          A and an are also used when talking  about your profession,examples: an english teacher, a builder

THE

The as definite article is used before singular and plural nouns when the noun is specific or particular. The signals that the noun is definite, that it refers to a particular member of a group.

Example:

—  The dog that bit me ran away." Here, we're talking about a specific dog, the dog that bit me.

—  "I was happy to see the policeman who saved my cat!" Here, we're talking about a particular policeman. Even if we don't know the policeman's name, it's still a particular policeman because it is the one who saved the cat.

Here's another way to explain it: The is used to refer to a specific or particular member of a group. For example, "I just saw the most popular movie of the year." There are many movies, but only one particular movie is the most popular. Therefore, we use ‘the.”

v The with adjectives used as nouns

E.g: The British,The poor

v The in phrases after words expressing quantity

-          Most of the students

-          Many of the persons

-          The majority of the teachers

v Something unique/ When there is only one thing mentioned.

-          The sun is shining.

-          The sky is blue.

v When it is clear both the speaker and the listener which thing or person is referred to.

-          Could you open the door please? ( both the speaker and the listener know which door it is).

-           

v Before a noun mentioned for the second time

-          A bird flew into the classroom. The bird sat on my desk.

v Before superlatives adjectives

-          The biggest island is Greenland

-          The most beautiful girl in the class is Anisa

-           

v Before ordinal numbers (the definite article is not used with cardinal numbers):

      Ordinal                        Cardinal

      The first                       One

      The second day           Day two

      The sixth lesson           Lesson six

v Before names of countries, states, cities, universities, colleges, and school, that contain the word of, and before countries that have s plural name or have an adjective in the name, except for Great Britain:

-          The United States of America

-          The University of Texas

-          The State of Florida

-          The Netherlands

NO ARTICLE

(1)   For liquid and non countable thing

-          Water is important for our life.

-          Milk is good for children

(2)   Do not use article before the names of contries, except where they indivate multiple area/ contain words state, kingdom, republic, union

Example: Italy, Mexico

(3)   With names of holidays

      Eg: Lebaran, Christmas, Thanksgiving but The fourth of July

(4)   For many places like continents, countries, cities, lakes, streets, parks in the form of singular

Eg: Lake Toba, Central park

(5)   For names of magazine

Eg: Lfe, Vogue

(6)   For sports

Eg: football, tennis

(7)   Names of academic subjects

Eg: Biology, Mathematics