Verb and Tenses

Name:

1.         Nunik Maslakhah (163221043)

2.         Linggar Samukti Triwikrama (163221044)

3.         Sartika Sri Rahayu (163221046)

4.         Tanti Nur Khasanah (163221047)

5.         Laila Isrofa (163221053)

(PBI 1B)

Verb and Tenses

What is a verb?

A verb is one of the main parts of a sentence or question in English. In fact, you can’t have a sentences or a question without a verb. That’s how important these “action” parts of speech are.

The verb signals an action, an occurrence, or a state being. Whether mental, physical, or mechanical, verbs always express activity.

1.      Physical Verbs – Definition and examples

Physical verbs are action verbs. They describe specific physical action. If you can create a motion with your body or use a tool to complete an action, the word you use to describe it is most likely a physical verb.

Physical verb examples

Let’s run to the corner and back

I hear the rain coming

Call me when you’re finished with class

2.      Mental Verbs – Definition and examples

Mental  verbs have meanings that are related to concepts such as discovering, understanding, thinking, or planning. In general, a mental verbs refers to a cognitive state.

Mental verb examples

I know the answer

She recognized me from across the room

Do you believe everything people tell you?

3.      States of being verbs – definition and examples

Also known as linking verbs, state of being verbs describe conditions or situations that exist. These verbs are usually complemented by adjective.

States of being verbs example

The state of being verbs in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification.

I am a student

We are circus performers

Please is quite

Types of Verbs

a.       Action verbs

Action verbs express specific actions, and are used any time you want to show action or discuss someone doing something.

b.      Transitive verbs

Transitive verbs are action verbs that always express doable activities. These verb always have direct objects, meaning someone or something receives the action of the verb.

c.       Intransitive verbs

Intransitive verbs are action verbs that always express doable activities. No direct object follows an intransitive verb.

d.      Auxiliary verbs

Auxiliary verbs are also known as helping verbs, and are used together with a main verbs to show the verbs tense or to form a question or negative.

e.       Stative verbs

Statives verbs can be recognized because they express a state to thoughts, emotions, relationships, senses, states of being, and meansurements.

f.       Modal verbs

Modal verbs are auxiliary verbs that are used to express abilities, possibilities, permissions, and abligations.

g.      Phrasal verbs

Phrasal verbs aren’t single words; instead they are combinations of words that are used together to take on a different meaning to that of the original verb.

h.      Irregular verbs

Irregular verbs are those that don’t take on the regular spelling pattens of past simple and past participle verbs.

Verb tenses

1)      Present simple

Positive: Most kids like milk.

Negative: I don’t like milk unless it’s chocolate.

Yes/No question: do you like milk?

Wh-question: when do we board the train for Paris?

Tag question: you like scuba diving, don’t you?

2)      Present progressive (continuous)

Positive: you’re learning to use perfect English.

Negative: You aren’t sleeping now.

Yes/No questions: are you eating?

Wh-questions: what are you watching?

Tag questions: you aren’t eating liverwurst, are you?

3)      Past simple

Positive: I visited my grandmother yesterday

Negative: we didn’t watch the movie on Saturday

Yes/No questions: Did you have spaghetti for dinner last night?

Wh-questions:why didn’t you wash the car yesterday?

Tag questions:you went to Paris last year, didn’t you?

4)      Pat progressive (continuous)

Positive: we were watching tv when the power went out

Negative:you were not listening to the teacher’s instructions yesterday

Yes/No questions:were you skateboarding when you broke your leg?

Wh-questions:what were you doing when you heard the news?

5)      Future

a)      Future simple

Be going to: we are to going to the movies tonight

Shall: you will help your grandmother later.

b)      Future progressive (continuous)

Present siple and present progressive with future meaning: Sam will be coming home any minute.

6)      Perfect tenses

They perfect tenses describe actons that have already been completed or that began in the past and are relevant to the present or than will have happened at a particular time in the future. They are also referred to as the perfective aspect.

a.       Present perfect simpl

Positive: they have been to Paris

Negative:you haven’t gone overseas

Yes/No questions:have you been to London?

Wh-Questions:why are we here?

Tag questions:you haven’t been to Zurich, have you?

b.      Present perfect progressive (continuous)

Positive: they have been swimming for more than an hour.

Negative: you haven’t waited thirty minutes yet

Yes/No questions:have you been waiting long?

Wh-uestions:what time did you begin waiting?

Tag questions:you haven’t been waiting, have you?

c.       Past perfect simple

Positive: he had studied French before traveling to Paris

Negative:she hadn’t studied French before last semester

Yes/No questions:had you studied Frech before you traveled to Paris?

Wh-Questions:why hadn’t you studied French when you knew you’d be traveling to Paris soon?

Tag questions:you hadn’t visited the U.S before your trip in 210, had you?

d.      Past perfect progressive (continuous)

Positive:we had been waiting for more than three hours when the train finally arrived

Negatiwe had not been waiing for more than thirty minutes when her plan landedve:

Yes/Nhad you been waiting for longer than tree hours?o questions:

Wh-Questions:why had you been waiting for the last two hours?

e.       Future perfect simple/future perfect progressive

1)1  Future perfect simple: you will have perfected your french by the time you come back from Paris.

1)2  Future perfect progressive: we will be waiting for him when his plan arrives tonight.

Irregular Verbs

Irregular verbs are verbs that don’t take on the regulare –d, -ed, or –ied spelling patterns of the past simple (V2) or past participle (V3). Many of the irregular V2 and V3 forms are the same, such as : cut – cut, had – had, let –let hurt – hurt, fed – fed, sold – sold.

Irregular verb examples

Irregular verbs are also known as strong verbs. Here are nine that are used more often than the rest. These nine irregular verb examples also happen to be among the most commonly used words in the English language. They are:

Go

Get

Say

See

Think

Make

Take

Come

Know

The following list of example show how irregular verbs are used in sentences. Some sentences contain more than one. Example:

Go get your brother. It’s time to eat dinner.

>        In this example, all there irregular verbs (go, get, and eat) are in base form.

I want to build a sand castle like the one we built last year.

>        In the example, the irregular verb build is in base form. The irregular verb built is the past simple form of “build”. When you look at the complete list of examples, you’ll notie that built is also the past participle of the irregular verb “build.

He bet me that I couldn’t run five miles witout stopping. I proved him wrong; I ran seven miles before I hadt to catch my breath.

>        In this example, bet is a past simple form. When you look t the complete list, you’ll see that all three forms of “bet” are the same. Next, in the same sentence, the irregular verb ran is the past simple form of “run” and had is the past simple form of “have”. Meanwhile, catch is base form.

I awoke to find that the spider had bitten me. Although the wound didn’t bleed, it itched terribly.

>        In the example, the irregular verb awoke is the past simple form of “awake”. Bitten is past participle form a “bite” and bleed is base form.